Parents and families learn about their child's personality, development, and learning style. They also advance their own learning interests through education, training, and other experiences that support their parenting, careers, and life goals.
Key Resources
- Understanding Family Engagement Outcomes: Research to Practice Series – Families as Learners
- Bringing Families Together: Building Community
- Adult Education Related Links
- Building Foundations for Economic Mobility (BFEM) Webinar Series
- Family Engagement, Language, and Literacy Webinar Series
Research
- Duch, H., Rodriguez, C. (2010). Strengthening Families in Head Start: The Impact of a Parent Education Programme on the Emotional Well-Being of Latino Families. Early Child Development and Care, 181(6), 733-748
- Sullivan, K., Clark, J., Castrucci, B., Samsel, R., Fonseca, V., Garcia, I. (2011). Continuing education mitigates the negative consequences of adolescent childbearing. Maternal Child Health Journal, 15(3), 360-366
- Caspe, M. (2003). Family Literacy: A Review of Programs and Critical Perspectives. [On-line] http://www.hfrp.org/publications-resources/browse-our-publications/family-literacy-a-review-of-programs-and-critical-perspectives
- Love, J. M., Kisker, E. E., Constantine, J., Boller, K., Chazan- Cohen, R., Brady-Smith, C., ... Vogel, C. (2005). The Effectiveness of Early Head Start for 3-Year-Old Children and Their Parents: Lessons for Policy and Programs. Developmental Psychology, 41(6), 885–901.
- Green, C. L., Walker, J. M. T., Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Sandler, H. M. (2007). Parents' Motivations for Involvement in Children's Education: An Empirical Test of a Theoretical Model of Parental Involvement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 532–544. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.532
- Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M., Sandler, H. M. (2005). Parents' Motivations for Involvement in Their Children's Education. In E.N. Patrikakou, R.P. Weissberg, S. Redding, H.J. Walberg (Eds.), School-Family Partnerships for Children's Success. (pp. 40–56). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
- Powell, D. R., Son, S. H., File, N., San Juan, R. R. (2010). Parent-School Relationships and Children's Academic and Social Outcomes in Public School Pre-Kindergarten. Journal of School Psychology, 48(4), 269–292.
- Rosenblatt, Z., Peled, D. (2002). School Ethical Climate and Parental Involvement. Journal of Educational Administration, 40(4), 349–367.
Regulations
- Parent and family engagement in education and child development services, 45 CFR § 1302.34 (a), (b), (b)(1)-(8)
- Education in home-based programs, 45 CFR § 1302.35 (a), (b), (b)(1), (c), (c)(1)-(4), (c)(4)(i)-(ii), (c)(5), (d), (d)(1), (d)(1)(i)-(iii), (d)(2)-(3), (d)(3)(i)-(ii), (d)(4), (e), (e)(1)-(2), (e)(2)(i)-(ii), (e)(3), (f)
- Collaboration and communication with parents, 45 CFR § 1302.41 (a), (b), (b)(2)
- Child health status and care, 45 CFR § 1302.42 (b), (b)(1), (b)(1)(ii), (c), (c)(2), (d), (d)(3)
- Child mental health and social and emotional well-being, 45 CFR § 1302.45 (a), (a)(1)-(4), (b), (b)(1)-(6)
- Family support services for health, nutrition, and mental health, 45 CFR § 1302.46 (a), (b), (b)(1), (b)(1)(i)-(v), (b)(2), (b)(2)(i)-(iii)
- Family engagement, 45 CFR § 1302.50 (a), (b), (b)(1)-(6)
- Parent activities to promote child learning and development, 45 CFR § 1302.51 (a), (a)(1)-(3), (b)
- Family partnership services, 45 CFR § 1302.52 (a)-(c), (c)(1)-(4), (d)
- Additional services for parents, 45 CFR § 1302.62 (a), (a)(1)-(2), (b), (b)(1)-(4)
- Transitions from Early Head Start, 45 CFR § 1302.70 (a), (c)
- Transitions from Head Start to kindergarten, 45 CFR § 1302.71 (a), (b), (b)(1)-(2), (b)(2)(i)-(iv)
- Transitions between programs, 45 CFR § 1302.72 (a)
- Enrolled pregnant women, 45 CFR § 1302.80 (d)
- Prenatal and postpartum information, education, and services, 45 CFR § 1302.81 (a), (b)
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Last Updated: March 11, 2025